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Eco-warrior

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The Oxford English Dictionary defines an eco-warrior as “a person who actively tries to prevent damage to the environment ” (citation needed). In academic discourse, this term is contextualized as a response to systemic environmental harm where activists challenge industrial or governmental entities. [1]

Etymology

The term eco-warrior combines “eco” — short for “ecology”, which originates from the Greek word oikos, meaning “house” or “environment”— and “warrior”, a term historically associated with individuals engaged in a battle or conflict. In this context, “warrior” metaphorically represents someone fighting to protect and preserve the natural world.

History

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Types

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Direct-Action Activists

Legal Advocates

Organizational Participants

Indigenous Activists

Entrepreneurial Eco-Warriors

Symbols and Identity

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The Eco-Warriors Flag

The Extinction Symbol

The Extinction Rebellion logo

The Ecology Flag

Notable Eco-warrior Individuals and Groups

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  • In 2005, an eco-warrior group which sabotaged heavily polluting terrain vehicles became known in Paris (France), calling itself "Les Dégonflés".[2]
  • Daniel Marc Hooper, also known as “Swampy”, is a British environmental activist recognized for his direct action protests against various infrastructure projects. [3][4]
  • Chico Mendes was a Brazilian rubber tapper, trade union leader, and environmentalist best known for his efforts to protect the Amazon rainforest and its indigenous communities. [5][6][7][8]
  • Ken Saro-Wiwa was a Nigerian writer, activist, and environmentalist famous for his leadership in the fight against environmental destruction caused by oil extraction in the Niger Delta. [9][10]
  • José Bové is a French farmer, politician, and activist known for his leadership in anti-globalization and environmental movements against industrial agriculture and multinational corporations. [11][12][13]
  • Paul Watson and the direct-action conservation group he founded, known as the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, are recognized for their efforts to protest marine wildlife and combat illegal activities such as whaling, poaching, and unregulated fishing. [14][15][16]
  • Penti Baihua is a prominent member of the Huaorani people, an indigenous group from the Amazon rainforest. The Huaorani, like other indigenous peoples, are actively engaged in efforts to prevent illegal logging on their ancestral lands and promote ecotourism as a way of generating funds to support the protection of their region’s biodiversity. [17]
  • Timothy Treadwell was an American environmentalist, wildlife enthusiast, and filmmaker best known for his work with grizzly bears in Alaska.[18][19]
  • William Bunting was a British environmental activist known for his direct action campaigns to protect natural habitats.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Anderson, Byron (2006). "Eco-Warriors: Understanding the Radical Environmental Movement (Updated Edition)". Electronic Green Journal. 1 (23). doi:10.5070/G312310649.
  2. ^ Doherty, Brian; Doyle, Timothy (2006-11). "Beyond borders: Transnational politics, social movements and modern environmentalisms". Environmental Politics. 15 (5): 697–712. doi:10.1080/09644010600937132. ISSN 0964-4016. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ Taylor, Oliver J. (1984). "News from London, England, 1788-1984". Appalachian Heritage. 12 (4): 11–15. doi:10.1353/aph.1984.0059. ISSN 1940-5081.
  4. ^ "The telegraph in America, 1832-1920". Choice Reviews Online. 50 (10): 50–5566-50-5566. 2013-05-22. doi:10.5860/choice.50-5566. ISSN 0009-4978.
  5. ^ Vadjunec, Jacqueline Michelle; Gomes, Carlos Valerio A.; Ludewigs, Thomas (2009-10-23). "Land-use/land-cover change among rubber tappers in the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, Acre, Brazil". Journal of Land Use Science. 4 (4): 249–274. doi:10.1080/17474230903222499. ISSN 1747-423X.
  6. ^ Aguiar Gomes, Carlos Valério; Alencar, Ane; Vadjunec, Jacqueline Michelle; Pacheco, Leonardo Marques (2018-11-30). "Extractive Reserves in the Brazilian Amazon thirty years after Chico Mendes: social movement achievements, territorial expansion and continuing struggles". Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente. 48. doi:10.5380/dma.v48i0.58830. ISSN 2176-9109.
  7. ^ Schwartzman, Stephan (2018-11-30). "Chico Mendes, the rubber tappers and the Indians: reimagining conservation and development in the Amazon". Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente. 48. doi:10.5380/dma.v48i0.58829. ISSN 2176-9109.
  8. ^ Tarn, Siu Wai (2007). "Peace profile: Chico mendes". Taylor and Francis. 9 (2): 293–298. doi:10.1080/10402659708426066. ISSN 1040-2659.
  9. ^ Wiwa, Ken (2021-08-01). "The murder of Ken Saro-Wiwa". Soundings. 78 (78): 103–108. doi:10.3898/soun.78.08.2021. ISSN 1362-6620.
  10. ^ Rodrigues, Angela L. (2017-08-07). "A Utopian Commentary on the Plight of Nigeria: Ken Saro-Wiwa's "Africa Kills Her Sun"". African Studies Review. 60 (3): 127–139. doi:10.1017/asr.2017.55. ISSN 0002-0206.
  11. ^ BIRCHFIELD, VICKI (2005-06-13). "José Bové and the globalisation countermovement in France and beyond: a Polanyian interpretation". Review of International Studies. 31 (3): 581–598. doi:10.1017/s0260210505006649. ISSN 0260-2105.
  12. ^ "The world is not for sale: farmers against junk food". Choice Reviews Online. 39 (04): 39–2292-39-2292. 2001-12-01. doi:10.5860/choice.39-2292. ISSN 0009-4978.
  13. ^ Sommier, Isabelle (2016-03-01), "From Anti-globalization to Global Justice Movement:", Social Movement Studies in Europe, Berghahn Books, pp. 118–132, retrieved 2024-12-02
  14. ^ Nagtzaam, Gerry (2023), "Paul Watson of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society from Activist to Iconoclast", The Palgrave Handbook of Global Sustainability, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 2417–2428, ISBN 978-3-031-01948-7, retrieved 2024-12-02
  15. ^ Erdős, László (2019), "Paul Watson – The Daredevil of Conservation", Green Heroes, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 143–148, ISBN 978-3-030-31805-5, retrieved 2024-12-02
  16. ^ "Ramming speed: Sea Shepherd Conservation Society actions". From Environmental Action to Ecoterrorism?: 224–257. doi:10.4337/9781785367359.00016.
  17. ^ ""Alliance of Forest People discuss deforestation"". Archived from the original on 2011-10-02. Retrieved 2011-04-27.
  18. ^ Carman, Colin (2012-10-01). "Grizzly Love". GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies. 18 (4): 507–528. doi:10.1215/10642684-1600716. ISSN 1064-2684.
  19. ^ Hediger, R. (2012-05-16). "Timothy Treadwell's Grizzly Love as Freak Show: The Uses of Animals, Science, and Film". Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment. 19 (1): 82–100. doi:10.1093/isle/iss025. ISSN 1076-0962.
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